Linux 运维

运维相关

1. btop

btop 是个 Linux 系统全面监控的小工具界面十分花哨默认功能即可满足很多需求 GitHub 地址: btop

安装脚本：

#! /bin/bash
mkdir btop
cd btop && wget -O btop.tbz https://github.com/aristocratos/btop/releases/latest/download/btop-x86_64-linux-musl.tbz
tar -xjvf btop.tbz
chmod +x install.sh
bash install.sh

2. vnstat

vnstat 是一款流量监控软件他可以根据网卡进行监控流量提供实时速度小时、日、周、月流量统计但是不能根据相关设定来分开统计某一用户或者其他方式统计(说到底还是想服务于 v2 然而不行 v2 的流量统计下文详述) 同时其支持粗略预计今日流量情况从 ISP 后台查看到的数据与其统计数据差别不大因此有一定的可行度

安装方法： apt-get install vnstat -y

命令详情：

vnStat 2.6 by Teemu Toivola <tst at iki dot fi>

      -5,  --fiveminutes [limit]   show 5 minutes
      -h,  --hours [limit]         show hours  这里的小时统计显示24小时内的流量统计情况
      -hg, --hoursgraph            show hours graph
      -d,  --days [limit]          show days
      -m,  --months [limit]        show months
      -y,  --years [limit]         show years
      -t,  --top [limit]           show top days

      -b, --begin <date>           set list begin date
      -e, --end <date>             set list end date

      --oneline [mode]             show simple parsable format
      --json [mode] [limit]        show database in json format
      --xml [mode] [limit]         show database in xml format

      -tr, --traffic [time]        calculate traffic
      -l,  --live [mode]           show transfer rate in real time
      -i,  --iface <interface>     select interface (default: ens3)

Use "--longhelp" or "man vnstat" for complete list of options.

配置文件样例：

# vnStat 2.6 config file
##

# default interface
Interface "ens3"

# location of the database directory
DatabaseDir "/var/lib/vnstat"

# locale (LC_ALL) ("-" = use system locale)
Locale "-"

# date output formats for -d, -m, -t and -w
DayFormat    "%Y-%m-%d"
MonthFormat  "%Y-%m"
TopFormat    "%Y-%m-%d"

# characters used for visuals
RXCharacter       "%"
TXCharacter       ":"
RXHourCharacter   "r"
TXHourCharacter   "t"

# how units are prefixed when traffic is shown
# 0 = IEC standard prefixes (KiB/MiB/GiB...)
# 1 = old style binary prefixes (KB/MB/GB...)
# 2 = SI decimal prefixes (kB/MB/GB...)
UnitMode 1

# used rate unit (0 = bytes, 1 = bits)
RateUnit 0

# how units are prefixed when traffic rate is shown in bits
# 0 = IEC binary prefixes (Kibit/s...)
# 1 = SI decimal prefixes (kbit/s...)
RateUnitMode 1

# output style
# 0 = minimal & narrow, 1 = bar column visible
# 2 = same as 1 except rate in summary
# 3 = rate column visible
OutputStyle 3

# number of decimals to use in outputs
DefaultDecimals 2
HourlyDecimals 1

# spacer for separating hourly sections (0 = none, 1 = '|', 2 = '][', 3 = '[ ]')
HourlySectionStyle 2

# how many seconds should sampling for -tr take by default
Sampletime 5

# default query mode
# 0 = normal, 1 = days, 2 = months, 3 = top, 5 = short
# 7 = hours, 8 = xml, 9 = one line, 10 = json
QueryMode 0

# default list output entry limits (0 = all)
List5Mins      24
ListHours      24
ListDays       30
ListMonths     12
ListYears       0
ListTop        10


# vnstatd
##

# switch to given user when started as root (leave empty to disable)
DaemonUser ""

# switch to given group when started as root (leave empty to disable)
DaemonGroup ""

# try to detect interface maximum bandwidth, 0 = disable feature
# MaxBandwidth will be used as fallback value when enabled
BandwidthDetection 1

# maximum bandwidth (Mbit) for all interfaces, 0 = disable feature
# (unless interface specific limit is given)
MaxBandwidth 1000

# interface specific limits
#  example 8Mbit limit for eth0 (remove # to activate):
#MaxBWeth0 8

# data retention durations (-1 = unlimited, 0 = feature disabled)
5MinuteHours   48
HourlyDays      4
DailyDays      62
MonthlyMonths  25
YearlyYears    -1
TopDayEntries  20

# how often (in seconds) interface data is updated
UpdateInterval 20

# how often (in seconds) interface status changes are checked
PollInterval 5

# how often (in minutes) data is saved to database
SaveInterval 5

# how often (in minutes) data is saved when all interface are offline
OfflineSaveInterval 30

# on which day should months change
MonthRotate 1
MonthRotateAffectsYears 0

# filesystem disk space check (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
CheckDiskSpace 1

# how much the boot time can variate between updates (seconds)
BootVariation 15

# create database entries even when there is no traffic (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
TrafficlessEntries 1

# how many minutes to wait during daemon startup for system clock to
# sync time if most recent database update appears to be in the future
TimeSyncWait 5

# how often (in minutes) bandwidth detection is done when
# BandwidthDetection is enabled (0 = disabled)
BandwidthDetectionInterval 5

# force data save when interface status changes (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
SaveOnStatusChange 1

# enable / disable logging (0 = disabled, 1 = logfile, 2 = syslog)
UseLogging 2

# create dirs if needed (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
CreateDirs 1

# update ownership of files if needed (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
UpdateFileOwner 1

# file used for logging if UseLogging is set to 1
LogFile "/var/log/vnstat/vnstat.log"

# file used as daemon pid / lock file
PidFile "/run/vnstat/vnstat.pid"

# 1 = 64-bit, 0 = 32-bit, -1 = old style logic, -2 = automatic detection
64bitInterfaceCounters -2

# use SQLite Write-Ahead Logging mode (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
DatabaseWriteAheadLogging 0

# change the setting of the SQLite "synchronous" flag
# (-1 = auto, 0 = off, 1, = normal, 2 = full, 3 = extra)
DatabaseSynchronous -1


# vnstati
##

# title timestamp format
HeaderFormat "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"

# show hours with rate (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
HourlyRate 1

# show rate in summary (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
SummaryRate 1

# transparent background (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
TransparentBg 0

# image colors
CBackground     "FFFFFF"
CEdge           "AEAEAE"
CHeader         "606060"
CHeaderTitle    "FFFFFF"
CHeaderDate     "FFFFFF"
CText           "000000"
CLine           "B0B0B0"
CLineL          "-"
CRx             "92CF00"
CTx             "606060"
CRxD            "-"
CTxD            "-"

interface 为当前需要监控的网络接口与 example config 区别在于

UnitMode 1
RateUnit 0
RateUnitMode 1

以上配置项改动之后更符合常规显示方式

3. Linux XanMod Kernel

XanMod 这个 kernel 基于最新的 Linux Kernel Mainline 同时包含了 Google BBRv2 并且做了一定的 Cache Memory 优化目前在 us-sc 上测试效果评估中若效果不错，会将此内核推广至其他机器上同时于 us-sc 上测试 BBRv2 与 BBR 之间的性能差异 us-sc 上使用的是 qdisc: fq_pie;comgestion_control: bbr2 (虽然我是没看出来有快多少....)

4. ulimit 优化

vi /etc/security/limit.conf

*                 soft	  nproc           10240
*                 hard	  nproc           10240
*                 soft    nofile          10240
*                 hard    nofile          10240

root              soft    nproc           10240
root              hard    nproc           10240
root              soft    nofile          10240
root              hard    nofile          10240

vi /etc/profile

ulimit -n 10240
ulimit -u 8192
ulimit -m unlimited